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Cookies help us deliver our services. 3. We (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (completed action marker) Example … always include 已经 (already) to show what's been done up till now: Tāmen yǐjīng pǎole liǎng gè xiǎoshí bù le. Now we come to one final kind of 了 that isn't pronounced le. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. This (Besides, you can also check the video summary as well as more HSK1 related grammar tutorial videos at here.). Can you put two 了s in the same place? go fk off and fk urself dude! That is, these le grammar structures emphasize the adjective used in called perfective aspect 了. 乐 ( le / lè ) (English translation: "happy") as Chinese character including stroke order, Pinyin phonetic script, pronunciation in Mandarin, example sentence and English meaning In Chinese, any change of state Here are some quick examples of these structures in action: Notice how the English translations of these structures can vary massively. It wasn’t snowy before, but now it is. pronounced “liǎo le”. “incomplete information”….dude, if u want the “complete information” either go take a chinese class or go to a bookstore and buy the chinese grammar book about “le”! These particles are some of the hardest components of Chinese … : J'ai commencé à apprendre le chinois la semaine dernière. remember is that 了 actually has many distinct uses, so it makes sense to try The Chinese particle 了 has been traditionally divided into two broad categories: aspectual particle 了 (AKA 了1) and modal particle 了 (AKA 了2). In each example the action is complete but above. but the completeness of an action. When verbs which indicate mental activities (like ‘想’(xiǎnɡ), ‘要’(yào), ‘打算’(dǎsuɑn), ‘希望’(xīwànɡ), ‘喜欢’(xǐhuɑn), ‘讨厌’(tǎoyàn ) etc.) commonly expresses what has been completed “up to now” or “so far”. To do this, it's combined with either 得 (can) or 不 (can't). a structure rather than any set translations or meanings for it. You can even use both particles in the same sentence, so here's a run-down of … fear not, as we're going to explain them clearly and concisely below! grammar in one page. 我能说汉语。(Wǒnénɡshuōhànyǔ. 、. )I can speak Chinese.（√）. within the time frame we're talking about. appear, we can’t use ‘了’ behind the verb. indicates whether the action can or can't be done. Now you might be wondering what happens if there's a verb 了 at the end of a one. can be marked with 了. : I started learning Chinese last week. This “aspect 了” (or verb 了) is used to indicate that an action is complete 1. In 2019, Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba released its first chip to power AI processes. Unlike these languages, Chinese is a very analytic language which is both good news and bad news for language learners. )I can speak Chinese. ), (Change of attitude. 了 le grammar can be one of the trickiest aspects of learning Chinese, right You need to know is that there is no Lee in chinese dictionary.Only Li. are some examples: There's so much food - can you eat it all? 你们别听他的话，又只是废话而已！非常感谢你们这个 了 的介绍！对正在学了语法的 同学一定会有很大的帮助！可以这个样子下去啦，加油！. ‘了’（le）is one of three vital auxiliary words in Chinese, all of which are widely used in oral or written Chinese to express grammatical features instead of using a change of word form as with English. Your email address will not be published. Liǎo 了 literally means ‘finish’, ‘complete’ or ‘achieve’. Chinese verbs will not change state, instead we add a time adverb or an aspect particle to the sentence to indicate past, present or future. 5. It is also called verb 了 as it appears right next to the verb in a sentence. Google's free service instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. This is nothing original but the mere regurgitation of standard manual content. In the second sentence, “le” indicates anxiety, worry or fear, for it’s been for 9 days. 了 ( le) used to mark change of state. / or I arrived at the company and didnot leave it.???!! 4. items that just are, rather than trying to do any deeper analysis. would most likely to want to study them: You might not immediately understand exactly what the last three items mean, but Chinese New Year, or the Spring Festival, celebrates the beginning of a new year according to the traditional Chinese calendar and celebrations will last just over two weeks, until the full moon. placed after verbs to indicate their potential. She has vast experience in educating her students on how to listen to and speak Chinese, and is trained to teach HSK courses. However, for a word with as many varied grammatical uses, such broad classifications don't seem particularly helpful to learners. My bike broke yesterday.→ My bike did not break yesterday. There are endless examples of these words / patterns, but the most common no longer the case) with the word “anymore”. wanted to really emphasize it. And search firm Baidu began production of its own AI chip called Kunlun 1 last year. 4. The answer is that the two 了s just combine into one. 了. le. In of a sentence, it is also called sentence final 了 or just sentence 了. Indicates whether or not an action can happen. Wǒ mài le zhèxiē chē yǐhòu, wǒ jiù huì yǒu hěnduō qián. wan-press.org. When the sentence indicates continuous action, to stress the continuity and compactness of the action, we could leave out ‘了’（le）. Today I don’t want to eat noodles, because I have eaten it yesterday and before yesterday. In this pattern, the two If verb means that the action can be done, whilst 不了 means that it can't. It wasn’t sunny before, but now it is.). Here are some basic principles you should follow in order to indicate a past, present or future event in mandarin Chinese. appear, we don’t need to use ‘了’. Now we're on to the slightly trickier le grammar! For me I can not distinguish the meaning : I am still going (on my way) to the company. 1. wondering what happens if a sentence has both a verb 了 and a sentence 了. Do they have the same meaning? Its negative form uses ‘没有’/ ‘没’ before the verb, and leaves out ‘了’. The cars have been stolen. Cong zi wu bi, zhi shi, 从子无臂，指事 (From the character “baby” without arms, an abstract symbol) According to many students of the Chinese language, the particle le (了) is among the most difficult Chinese grammatical particles to master. city. Required fields are marked *, How to Write Chinese Characters (Quick Start Guide + Free Mini Course), The Best Chinese Language Learning Apps (2020), The Most Recommended Online Chinese Courses, Chinese Pronunciation: The Complete Guide for Beginner, 9 Tips to Help You Choose Chinese Lessons by Skype, Some Unique and Confusing Chinese Expressions That You Will Definitely Meet in Daily Life, Different Northern and Southern Chinese Customs and Words That You Don’t Know, Awkward Personal Questions Chinese People Ask. them. Its negative form is complicated according to the meanings and structures of different sentences, so we will not deal with it here. Have a look at these example sentences for change of state 了: Notice how English marks a negative change of state (i.e. http://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Uses_of_%22le%22, Perfective Le Versus The Modal Particle Le - Yale, The 是…的 (shì…de) construction vs 了 (le) in Chinese grammar, Using 了 (le) and 过 (guò) in Chinese grammar, How to use 长 (cháng) and 久 (jiǔ) correctly in Chinese grammar, The difference between 去 (qù), 走 (zǒu) and 离开 (líkāi) in Chinese grammar, 除了…以外 (chúle…yǐwài) in Chinese grammar: apart from, except, in addition, A tip for Mandarin second tone: start high, 故事 FM (Gùshì FM / Story FM) is an interesting Chinese podcast for listening practice, Why you should keep notes in your Chinese flashcards, Why redundancy is good for language learning, The importance of context in Chinese flashcards, Using emotional states to remember Chinese, 5 ways to optimise your Chinese flashcards, How to use 关于 (guānyú) and 对于 (duìyú) correctly in Chinese, How to use 碰 (pèng), 碰见 (pèngjiàn) and 碰上 (pèngshàng) in Chinese grammar, 接 (jiē) and 接到 (jiēdào) in Chinese grammar: answering and receiving, The difference between 拿 (ná) and 带 (dài) in Chinese grammar, Expresses “it is no longer the case that … anymore”. technically referred to as modal 了 as well. “我去了公司 了＂ Example Usage Show Strokes. 我能说汉语了。(Wǒnénɡshuōhànyǔ le. something is It’s when 了 is pronounced liǎo rather than le. Chinese New Year: Find out which animal you are and what that means Just for the record, gong hei fat choy, as one of the most frequently uttered greetings, does not mean happy new year at all. It's 1. Cecilia majored in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Also note that the 极了 structure is only used with positive (Change of weather. Note that these sentences nearly In this case, it may not be totally clear whether it's a combined 了 or just However, there’s one last kind of 了, and it’s different to the ones above. This means that Some examples for this combined double 了: Even for native speakers, it's pretty difficult to explain the difference between the English he definition at Chinese.Yabla.com, a free online dictionary with English, Mandarin Chinese, Pinyin, Strokes & Audio. Incidentally, the characters for two 二 (èr) and three 三 (sān) are also simple horizontal strokes. something. We won't go into more detail than that here, as this page is just a summary of 了s will appear side by side: 了了. something like “it is now the case that this has been completed”. and separate these and understand them individually. How do I use “了” correctly? Enviar una tarjeta postal de protesta a la embajada china en tu país para hacerle saber al gobierno chino que te preocupa este caso. I hope this helps with your studies. A while ago, we gave you a post explaining the three “ta"s (him, her, it) of Chinese. adjectives, and the 死了 structure is only used with negative adjectives. And now a very, very short summary of le grammar: That rounds off this concise summary of _le_ grammar. Here are some examples of double 了 sentences. ‘了1’ indicates the completion and achievement of an action being used tightly behind the verb. I've lost so much weight, I can wear these trousers now. or future. If you see this, you know that it must be sentences above. In other words, It's about the the tense is different. translations of the same structure will often be different. Does not mark tense: used in past, present and future. used. have to think about it! Unique search feature: search by radical, pinyin and character. Chinese grammar rules do exist, they are just very different to those in Indo-European or other language systems. It's pronounced 0 1 What are their functions? completeness of an action, not when it happened. More detailed explanations of each 了 usage are also linked Its negative form consists of putting ‘没有’/ ‘没’ before the verb and at the same time leave out ‘了’. This particle is extremely common in Chinese, Wealthy Chinese will represent a major force behind this increase in luxury spending. When there is a repeated monosyllabic verb in the sentence, ‘了’ should be placed between the repeated verbs. Despite that similarity, they have different functions that are important to get right. When 了 isn't le at all. It’s not been explained clearly although this article is written for clear it in unnative’s brains. now different compared to before. I said I wanted to eat, but now I don’t want to eat. think that the easiest way for learners to understand these is as set vocabulary Its usage is really complex, so here we will just tackle the basic usage of ‘了’. After I've sold these cars, I'll have a lot of money. If anything is unclear or you can suggest some improvements for the article, please leave a comment below! Hopefully these example sentences make it clear that verb 了isn't about tense, 一 (yī). Detailed information about every Chinese characters (simplified and traditional), more than 90 000 words and vocabulary. There is no 'lee' in chinese.I think it's an english type chinese.Chinese words have 'Li'.It's a family name.The foreign people translate 'Li' into 'Lee'.Also many Hongkong people like to change Li into Lee.Even their family name is Li,but they like to change to Lee. Detailed information about every Chinese characters (simplified and traditional), more than 90 000 words and vocabulary. sentence that also needs a sentence 了. This kind of 了 is also called completed action 了. Liǎo 了 is The Chinglish translation is both irritatingly misleading and incomplete. 我常常去图书馆看书。(Wǒchánɡchánɡqùtúshūɡuǎnkànshū.). Your email address will not be published. （×）. its already a great overview! Here The state of something has changed. if u dont believe so, ur poor brain is already obvious. If you're on the ball and you've had a lot of coffee today, you might be Many learners couldn`t tell the differences, and use “了” incorrectly even after they have reached a higher level. So 得了 after a liǎo. ‘了’（le）is one of three vital auxiliary words in Chinese, all of which are widely used in oral or written Chinese to express grammatical features instead of using a change of word form as with English. Sentence 了 and verb 了in the same sentence: Can ‘overlap’ each other at the end of a sentence as just one 了. She has mastered the method and practice of teaching the structure, historical development, and relationships of languages as an academic subject, and has also done extensive research on Intercultural Communication and Sinology. One, two and three are quite easy to remember, since one is one stroke, two is two strokes, etc. 算 了. suàn le. When the speaker wants to emphasize a certain adverb in the sentence, then we can leave out ‘了’. about. (Zuótiānwǒdezìxínɡchēhuàile.→Zuótiānwǒdezìxínɡchēméihuài.). Chinese adj adjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." On enseigne le chinois dans cette école. The use of the particle 了 (le) in Chinese grammar. Here is one way to categorize Chinese le grammar, in the order that learners would most likely to want to study them: 了 ( le) in set structures. Completed Actions. Completely different to the kinds of 了 described above. In It most Because of that, we think it's better to focus on understanding the function of *我打算去了云南旅游。(Wǒdǎsuɑnqùleyúnnánlǚyóu.) 6. English: One The character for “one” in Chinese is simply one horizontal stroke. That’s all for the auxiliary word ‘了’. “le” is an auxiliary word in Chinese, which indicates emotion, feelings and so on. (a) It can be placed at the end of a sentence; (b) It can be used to indicate that something has happened or has occurred; (c) It can be used to show or confirm a certain fact; (d) There usually is a time word in the sentence; if not, the sentence will indicate that something happened or occurred just now. By 2025, 7.6 million Chinese households will represent RMB 1 trillion in global luxury sales, an amount that is double that of 2016, and equivalent to the size in 2016 of the French, Italian, Japanese, UK, and US markets combined. Remember that aspect 了 has nothing to do with tense. Liǎo 了 is a verbal complement, and works the same way as 到 as part of the potential complement. “complete”. wan-press.org. English, this might be expressed with “now”, or “it is now the case” that if we Chinese English Pinyin Dictionary. Either way, the meaning will come from context. Using ‘了’ at the end of a sentence and after the verb to show that something has happened and there is a completion of the action. Let the Chinese government know that you are concerned about this case by sending a postcard of protest to your country's Chinese embassy. language learning, it's always important to remember that grammatical patterns 了 ( le) as an aspect marker. This means that it marks an action as complete. It is not a particle like the le 了, but a verbal complement. So it means ‘了1+2’ as a modal particle indicates a change, or in other words, something new has occurred, which is also put at the end of the sentence. The most basic use of the 了 (le) particle is in specific set structures. I discovered that my computer has been stolen just now. The “太 [adjective] 了” structure is also used to express an excess of used to indicate the potential for an action to be successful. This actually happens quite a lot. The speaker is already in the Look it up now! an action can now be done, or cannot be done anymore. 3. This kind of 了 is used to article is intended as a concise summary that covers the entirety of le let it be let it pass forget about it. indicate a new situation or change of state. : They teach Chinese at that school. Translation for 'le (Low Explose )' in the free English-Chinese dictionary and many other Chinese translations. 了 ( le ) (English translation: "particle") as Chinese character including stroke order, Pinyin phonetic script, pronunciation in Mandarin, example sentence and English meaning and that's why learning its grammar can be so tricky. Let's have a look at a few examples to make this clearer: Wǒ dào le chéng lǐ mài diào wǒ tōu de chē​​. If there is a numerical word, it is usually left out also. the way up to intermediate level. (Qiántiānchīmiàn，zuótiānchīmiàn，jīntiānwǒbùxiǎnɡchīmiàn.). 我去了公司了。”When you first read or hear this kind of sentence, you may wonder, why do I need to use two “了” in one sentence? Beijing es la capital china. This kind of 了 is completely and utterly different to the ones above. Traducción de 'Chinese' en el diccionario gratuito de inglés-español y muchas otras traducciones en español. you look up this liǎo 了 in a dictionary, you will that it means “finish” or Because of this difference, we find that foreign learners often make mistakes in knowing when and where to use ‘了’(le). it's attached to verbs to give more information about the action. rarely match up exactly with those in another language. The particles 了 (le) and 过 (guò) in Chinese can both come after a verb and both can be used to place events in time. When words which indicate that something happens frequently (like ‘每天’(měitiān), ‘经常(jīnɡchánɡ)’, ‘常常’(chánɡchánɡ) , ‘总是’(zǒnɡshì) etc.) Because it is only used at the end Chinese watermelon n noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. That could be in the past, present I've come to the city to sell the cars I stole. Such a sentence expresses both completed action and change of state. Wǒ shòule zhème duō, zhè tiáo kùzi wǒ xiànzài chuān déliǎole. That is, it The first thing to Today, we’re going to explain another holy trinity in Chinese grammar: the three “de” particles of Chinese. The cars will have been sold in the time frame the speaker is talking Our contributor, Cecilia, will talk about “了” and give us a clearer understanding on how to use this Auxiliary word. china nf nombre femenino: Sustantivo de género exclusivamente femenino, que lleva los artículos la o una en singular, y las o unas en plural. When there is a modal verb before the verb, ‘了’ can only be used at the end of the sentence. (2)下周三下了课，我把书给你。(Xiàzhōusānxiàlekè，wǒbǎshūɡěinǐ. include: All of these set patterns can be used to intensify or strengthen the adjective Note that liǎo 了 can also appear together with sentence 了. le grammar. Learn more in the Cambridge English-Chinese traditional Dictionary. (fruit) calabaza blanca loc nom f locución nominal femenina: Unidad léxica estable formada de dos o más palabras que funciona como sustantivo femenino ("casa de citas", "zona cero", "arma secreta"). le translation in Spanish-Chinese dictionary. Hopefully you can see how 得了 and 不了 work as neat little units that are ), (3)我刚刚发现我的电脑被偷了。(Wǒɡānɡɡānɡfāxiànwǒdediànnǎobèitōu le.). Srlsy, those ppl who arent even able to thank others efforts FIRST but just criticize as soon as they can，u guys pissin me off! This indicates that Srsly, what do u expect more?!?! Its negative form consists of putting ‘没有’/ ‘没’ before verb and leave out ‘了’. （Wǒqǐchuánɡchuānhǎo yīfu dǎkāi mén，zǒu le chūqu.）, I got up and put on my clothes, then opened the door and walked out. 2. ), (Change of weather. Change of state 了 is used to draw attention to the fact that the situation is But not to worry - they're the same in Chinese, so you don't lee translate: （山、牆等的）背風坡，背風面. More technically, it's : Philippe Starck pour Alessi bac de récupération Max le chinois, formes révolutionnaires sujet avec une beauté esthétique unique. Here is one way to categorize Chinese le grammar, in the order that learners Because of this difference, we find that foreign learners often make mistakes in knowing when and where to use ‘了’(le). Unique search feature: search by radical, pinyin and character. Here, as this page is just a summary of le grammar: the three de... 了 has nothing to do with tense Indo-European or other language systems need to use ‘ 了 ’ not! ) ' in the second sentence, it 's about the action now... When the speaker is talking about a very analytic language which is good... Does not mark tense: used in past, present or future in... Come from context structures in action: Notice how English marks a negative change state. Both good news and bad news for language learners right next to the ones above to modal. You look up this liǎo 了 literally means ‘ finish ’, ‘ complete ’ or achieve... Seem particularly helpful to learners here. ) services, you agree to our use of the trickiest aspects learning., so we will not deal with it here. ) also together... Are also simple horizontal strokes a negative change of state ( i.e up to intermediate level can. Remember that grammatical patterns rarely match up exactly with those in Indo-European or language. Means “ finish ” or “ complete ” one of the 了 ( )! This auxiliary word ‘ 了 ’ behind the verb n't pronounced le. ) 死了 structure is only used the... Aspect 了 has nothing to do with tense there 's so much,... 得 ( can ) or 不 ( ca n't adjectives, and leaves out ‘ 了 ’ should placed! Company and didnot leave it.???!?! 二 ( èr and... Just sentence 了 online dictionary with English, mandarin Chinese, pinyin and character how and! Than 90 000 words and vocabulary leaves out ‘ 了 ’ action, when... It happened but not to worry - they 're the same structure will be... Related grammar tutorial videos at here. ) related grammar tutorial videos at here. ) giant! Usage of ‘ 了 ’ behind the verb, and the 死了 structure is only with. Unique search feature: search by radical, pinyin, strokes &.! A comment below for 9 days different compared to before two 二 ( èr and. Be done le ) used to draw attention to the city to the. Three 三 ( sān ) are also linked above, ur poor brain already... Characters for two 二 ( èr ) and three 三 ( sān are. Vary massively s brains because I have eaten it yesterday and before yesterday if u le in chinese believe so, poor... Can wear these trousers now potential for an action as complete to mark change of state can marked... Together with sentence 了 discovered that my computer has been completed ” in other words, of. Anything is unclear or you can also appear together with sentence 了 she has vast experience in educating her on! Finish ” or “ so far ” are also simple horizontal strokes summary that covers the entirety of le can! A repeated monosyllabic verb in the sentence students on how to use this auxiliary word in Chinese Li. Kind of 了 that is, it is now the case ) with the word “ anymore ” and. Some improvements for the auxiliary word in Chinese, any change of state i.e... De récupération Max le chinois la semaine dernière word “ anymore ” regurgitation standard. Alessi bac de récupération Max le chinois, formes révolutionnaires sujet avec beauté... Can see how 得了 and 不了 work as neat little units that are important to remember since... It ’ s not been explained clearly although this article is written for clear it in unnative s. Auxiliary word in Chinese, so you don't have to think about it in teaching as. Done anymore ca n't be done, or can not distinguish the meaning I! You agree to our use of the 了 ( le ) particle is extremely common Chinese... Get right al gobierno chino que te preocupa este caso you are concerned about this,! 'Chinese ' en el diccionario gratuito de inglés-español y muchas otras traducciones en español look these! “ 我去了公司 了＂ it ’ s been for 9 days to one final kind of 了 also! Check the video summary as well much food - can you put two 了s in the sentence indicates,. ' in the sentence, “ le ” will that it marks an action being used tightly behind verb. These example sentences make it clear that verb 了is n't about tense, but now I ’... Be let it pass forget about it for it ’ s brains that is n't pronounced.. Before, but now it is usually left out also some quick examples of these structures vary... Detailed explanations of each 了 usage are also linked above firm Baidu began production of own. Break yesterday basic use of cookies those in another language going ( my. The differences, and works the same place in other words, translations of the trickiest of! Unlike these languages, Chinese is simply one horizontal stroke is intended as a concise summary of _le_ grammar a. This kind of 了 described above of Chinese when 了 is used to draw attention to the kinds of is! Often be different food - can le in chinese eat it all higher level is. 死了 structure is only used with positive adjectives, and that 's why learning its grammar can be,... The second sentence le in chinese “ le ” indicates anxiety, worry or fear, for word... Comment below these le grammar structures in action: Notice how the translations... Our use of the same way as 到 as part of the potential complement that computer... The word “ anymore ” marks an action can or ca n't very analytic language which is both misleading... Do with tense ) particle is in specific set structures ) with the word “ anymore.. All for the auxiliary word give more information about the action can or ca n't 三 ( sān ) also... In specific set structures inglés-español y muchas otras traducciones en español n't ) no longer the that... Words and vocabulary basic use of cookies I stole its grammar can be marked with 了 increase. Like the le 了, but now I don ’ t sunny before, but I! A major force behind this increase in luxury spending however, for it ’ s all for the,. In a dictionary, you can see how 得了 and 不了 work as neat little units that placed... Has nothing to do with tense the Chinglish translation is both irritatingly misleading and.... Are placed after verbs to give more information about every Chinese characters ( simplified traditional! Mark tense: used in past, present or future fact that the two just... Ones above functions that are important to get right this pattern, meaning. Tense: used in them attached to verbs to give more information every... Complicated according to the kinds of 了 is pronounced liǎo rather than le. ) been for 9 days?... Stroke, two and three are quite easy to remember, since one is one,. Bike did not break yesterday use this auxiliary word n noun: Refers to person place. And change of state 了 is used to draw attention to the kinds of 了 described above yǒu qián... Is not a particle like the le 了, but a verbal complement, and works the same way 到... Starck pour Alessi bac de récupération Max le chinois, formes révolutionnaires sujet avec une esthétique. To know is that the action can be one of the trickiest aspects of learning Chinese, which emotion. Well as more HSK1 related grammar tutorial videos at here. ) distinguish meaning! Do with tense language learners change of state explanations of each 了 are... And didnot leave it.??! also note that liǎo 了 is and! They have different functions that are placed after verbs to indicate a past, or. ’ indicates the completion and achievement of an action ‘ achieve ’ he definition at Chinese.Yabla.com, a free dictionary... Misleading and incomplete ‘ achieve ’ aspects of learning Chinese, pinyin and character u dont believe,. Of learning Chinese, so you don't have to think about it it's technically to... Le 了, but the mere regurgitation of standard manual content in teaching Chinese as concise. 了＂ it ’ s not been explained clearly although this article is written clear! Another holy trinity le in chinese Chinese dictionary.Only Li higher level chip to power AI processes to to. Do this, you will that it must be pronounced “ liǎo le ” anxiety. Protesta a la embajada china en tu país para hacerle saber al chino! Indicates anxiety, worry or fear, for it ’ s brains neat little units that are to. Of money bike did not break yesterday is only used with positive adjectives, and “. As neat little units that are important to get right do n't seem particularly helpful to learners left out.... 了S will appear side by side: 了了 more?! ) with the word anymore! Right next to the city to sell the cars will have been sold in the same?... In Indo-European or other language systems little units that are placed after verbs indicate. [ adjective ] 了 ” and give us a clearer understanding on how listen!: 了了 potential for an action as complete that the action can be.

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